Title:
A Comprehensive Review of Tools for Cardiac Catheterization: Comparative Study and Future Directions

Authors:
Heena Talat, Rakesh Kumar, India

Abstract:

This paper provides a comprehensive review of tools used in cardiac catheterization, evaluating their effectiveness, safety, and potential future advancements. Various catheters, guidewires, balloon catheters, stents, and imaging devices are compared based on their design, material, and clinical application. Additionally, emerging technologies such as robotic-assisted catheterization and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven decision support systems are explored. The review also discusses the impact of these tools on procedural success rates, patient recovery, and complications. Furthermore, economic and accessibility considerations of advanced catheterization tools, particularly in low-resource settings, are analyzed. Future directions emphasize the integration of AI and real-time imaging for enhanced patient outcomes.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijmshr.2025.9105