Title:
Green Sample Preparation: A Critical Review of Techniques Supporting Sustainable Analytical Practices

Authors:
Amtul Hafeez Gazala*, Dr.k.Bhavya Sri*, Mogili Sumakanth*, India

Abstract:

Green sample preparation is an emerging focus in analytical chemistry, driven by the need to reduce the environmental and health impacts of conventional methods. Traditional sample preparation techniques often require large amounts of toxic organic solvents, high energy input, and extensive handling of samples, resulting in significant waste and safety concerns. In response, sustainable alternatives have been developed that align with the principles of green analytical chemistry, which emphasize efficiency, safety, and environmental responsibility. This review explores recent advancements in green sample preparation techniques that minimize solvent use, reduce energy consumption, and limit hazardous waste generation. Techniques such as solid-phase microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction are discussed for their effectiveness, applicability, and environmental benefits. These methods have demonstrated significant improvements in analytical performance while reducing ecological footprints. The scope of this review includes a critical analysis of current methods across various sample types, including environmental, biological, pharmaceutical, and food matrices. Key challenges in method standardization, scalability, and adoption in routine laboratories are also addressed. Overall, this article highlights the transformative potential of green sample preparation as a central element in the shift toward sustainable analytical practices, offering both scientific and environmental advantages.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijmshr.2025.9409