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Abstract: Access to safe drinking water remains a major public
health challenge in many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in
rural and peri-urban communities. This study aimed to assess the impact of
limited access to potable water on the prevalence of waterborne diseases in the
Melong Centre Health Area, Cameroon. A descriptive cross-sectional study was
conducted from May to June 2025 among households, patients, and healthcare
professionals in the Melong Health District. Data were collected using
structured questionnaires, direct observations, and microbiological analysis of
water samples. A total of 395 participants were enrolled, including households,
patients, and health professionals. The majority of household heads were male
(62.6%), with a mean age of 45.67 years. Rivers, lakes, and unprotected wells
constituted the main sources of water supply for many households.
Microbiological analysis revealed high levels of total coliform contamination
in river water samples. Typhoid fever was the most prevalent waterborne disease
(67.8%), followed by dysentery and acute gastroenteritis, as recalled by
participants. Distance to water sources greater than 1 km and collection time
exceeding 30 minutes were significantly associated with poor water
accessibility (p < 0.05). Approximately 30% of households reported using no
water treatment method before consumption. The findings demonstrate a strong
association between inadequate access to safe drinking water and increased
prevalence of waterborne diseases in Melong Centre. Strengthening potable water
infrastructure, promoting household water treatment practices, and improving
hygiene education are essential to reduce the burden of waterborne diseases in
the community. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijmshr.2026.10312 |
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